The Communist Party of China (CPC) holds a strict monopoly on political power.
The People's Republic of China (PRC) was established on October 1, 1949, by Mao Zedong after winning the Chinese Civil War.
The President is also the Secretary-General of the CPC and Chairman of the Central Military Commission, concentrating power in one person
The National People's Congress (NPC) is the highest legislative body, described as the largest parliamentary body in the world, with nearly 3,000 members.
The Politburo Standing Committee is the most powerful governing body, typically consisting of seven members.
Since taking power in 2012, Xi Jinping has heavily concentrated power, removing limits to become the first leader to serve a third term since Mao.
The Party controls all aspects of the state, including the government, the military (People's Liberation Army), and the courts.
Government
Freedom House characterizes the government as a repressive regime that strictly manages media, online speech, and civil society.
The state or collective ownership of land is the norm, with individuals only holding land-use rights.
While minor political parties exist, they are subordinated to the CPC and must accept its supremacy.
The People's Liberation Army (PLA) answers to the Central Military Commission, not directly to the state.
The current constitution was enacted in 1982, though it has been revised to reflect changing leadership ideologies.
The central government exercises high control over regional and provincial authorities.
The government uses five-year plans to direct its state-led economic development and has overseen its rise as a major global power.
